Electrosurgical Instruments

In electrosurgery, a broad term encompasses various electrosurgical procedures. In bipolar electrosurgery, active electrodes are utilized to perform surgical tasks while simultaneously restoring electrical function at the surgical site. The tips of forceps can function as both active electrodes and return electrodes. When the forceps are in use, electrical circuitry is contained within the tissue being grasped. This eliminates the need for a separate return electrode, as one of the electrodes serves that purpose. Bipolar current is particularly effective for coagulation in moist environments, making it applicable regardless of the medium. This technique is commonly referred to as wet field cautery in bipolar electrosurgery.

In monopolar electrosurgery, the active electrode is in direct contact with the surgical site. This involves inserting or placing return electrodes, also known as "dispersive pads," into the patient’s body. The circuit is completed when the patient's return electrode connects to the active electrode, allowing the current to flow through the patient. Ensuring the safe withdrawal of electricity from the return electrode is essential for patient safety. For effective heat distribution, the patient return electrode must possess high conductivity or be of substantial size.

Uses of Electrosurgical Instruments

Surgeons employ electrosurgical instruments to cut and coagulate tissues during procedures. An electrosurgical unit generates a high-frequency electrical current, which is transmitted to the active electrode. The application of this current produces a coagulation effect, allowing cutting and coagulation to occur simultaneously—an advantage over traditional scalpels.

However, common injuries associated with electrosurgery include electric shocks and burns. The most frequent location for such burns is on the ECG electrode, also known as a return or dispersive electrode, or on any body part in contact with the return channel of the electrosurgical unit, such as the arm, chest, or leg. Additionally, sparks from the electrosurgical unit can ignite flammable materials when they come into contact with oxidants. Such incidents can lead to burn-site infections, potentially prolonging the patient’s hospital stay.

At Rish Surgicals, we prioritize safety and efficacy in our electrosurgical instruments, ensuring that medical professionals have the best tools for optimal surgical outcomes.